下面的示例演示如何定义抽象属性。抽象属性声明不提供属性访问器的实现,它只声明该类支持属性,而将访问器实现留给派生类。下面的示例演示如何实现从基类继承的抽象属性。

此示例由三个文件组成,其中每个文件都单独编译,产生的程序集由下一次编译引用:

若要编译该示例,请使用以下命令:

csc abstractshape.cs shapes.cs shapetest.cs

这样将生成可执行文件 shapetest.exe。

示例

该文件声明的 Shape 类包含 double 类型的 Area 属性。

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// compile with: csc /target:library abstractshape.cs
public abstract class Shape
{
    private string m_id;

    public Shape(string s)
    {
        // calling the set accessor of the Id property.
        Id = s;
    }

    public string Id
    {
        get
        {
            return m_id;
        }

        set
        {
            m_id = value;
        }
    }

    // Area is a read-only property - only a get accessor is needed:
    public abstract double Area
    {
        get;
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
        return Id + " Area = " + string.Format("{0:F2}", Area);
    }
}
  • 属性的修饰符就放置在属性声明中。例如:

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    public abstract double Area
  • 声明抽象属性时(如本示例中的 Area),指明哪些属性访问器可用即可,不要实现它们。在此示例中,只有一个 get 访问器可用,因此该属性是只读的。

下面的代码演示 Shape 的三个子类,并演示它们如何重写 Area 属性来提供自己的实现。

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// compile with: csc /target:library /reference:abstractshape.dll shapes.cs
public class Square : Shape
{
    private int m_side;

    public Square(int side, string id)
        : base(id)
    {
        m_side = side;
    }

    public override double Area
    {
        get
        {
            // Given the side, return the area of a square:
            return m_side * m_side;
        }
    }
}

public class Circle : Shape
{
    private int m_radius;

    public Circle(int radius, string id)
        : base(id)
    {
        m_radius = radius;
    }

    public override double Area
    {
        get
        {
            // Given the radius, return the area of a circle:
            return m_radius * m_radius * System.Math.PI;
        }
    }
}

public class Rectangle : Shape
{
    private int m_width;
    private int m_height;

    public Rectangle(int width, int height, string id)
        : base(id)
    {
        m_width = width;
        m_height = height;
    }

    public override double Area
    {
        get
        {
            // Given the width and height, return the area of a rectangle:
            return m_width * m_height;
        }
    }
}

下面的代码演示一个测试程序,它创建若干 Shape 派生对象,并输出它们的面积。

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// compile with: csc /reference:abstractshape.dll;shapes.dll shapetest.cs
class TestClass
{
    static void Main()
    {
        Shape[] shapes =
        {
            new Square(5, "Square #1"),
            new Circle(3, "Circle #1"),
            new Rectangle( 4, 5, "Rectangle #1")
        };

        System.Console.WriteLine("Shapes Collection");
        foreach (Shape s in shapes)
        {
            System.Console.WriteLine(s);
        }
    }
}

输出

 
Shapes Collection
Square #1 Area = 25.00
Circle #1 Area = 28.27
Rectangle #1 Area = 20.00

请参见