下面的示例演示如何定义抽象属性。抽象属性声明不提供属性访问器的实现,它只声明该类支持属性,而将访问器实现留给派生类。下面的示例演示如何实现从基类继承的抽象属性。
此示例由三个文件组成,其中每个文件都单独编译,产生的程序集由下一次编译引用:
-
abstractshape.cs:包含抽象
Area
属性的Shape
类。 -
shapes.cs:
Shape
类的子类。 -
shapetest.cs:测试程序,它显示某些
Shape
派生对象的面积。
若要编译该示例,请使用以下命令:
csc abstractshape.cs shapes.cs shapetest.cs
这样将生成可执行文件 shapetest.exe。
示例
该文件声明的 Shape
类包含 double 类型的 Area
属性。
C# | ![]() |
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// compile with: csc /target:library abstractshape.cs public abstract class Shape { private string m_id; public Shape(string s) { // calling the set accessor of the Id property. Id = s; } public string Id { get { return m_id; } set { m_id = value; } } // Area is a read-only property - only a get accessor is needed: public abstract double Area { get; } public override string ToString() { return Id + " Area = " + string.Format("{0:F2}", Area); } } |
-
属性的修饰符就放置在属性声明中。例如:
复制代码
public abstract double Area
-
声明抽象属性时(如本示例中的
Area
),指明哪些属性访问器可用即可,不要实现它们。在此示例中,只有一个 get 访问器可用,因此该属性是只读的。
下面的代码演示 Shape
的三个子类,并演示它们如何重写 Area
属性来提供自己的实现。
C# | ![]() |
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// compile with: csc /target:library /reference:abstractshape.dll shapes.cs public class Square : Shape { private int m_side; public Square(int side, string id) : base(id) { m_side = side; } public override double Area { get { // Given the side, return the area of a square: return m_side * m_side; } } } public class Circle : Shape { private int m_radius; public Circle(int radius, string id) : base(id) { m_radius = radius; } public override double Area { get { // Given the radius, return the area of a circle: return m_radius * m_radius * System.Math.PI; } } } public class Rectangle : Shape { private int m_width; private int m_height; public Rectangle(int width, int height, string id) : base(id) { m_width = width; m_height = height; } public override double Area { get { // Given the width and height, return the area of a rectangle: return m_width * m_height; } } } |
下面的代码演示一个测试程序,它创建若干 Shape
派生对象,并输出它们的面积。
C# | ![]() |
---|---|
// compile with: csc /reference:abstractshape.dll;shapes.dll shapetest.cs class TestClass { static void Main() { Shape[] shapes = { new Square(5, "Square #1"), new Circle(3, "Circle #1"), new Rectangle( 4, 5, "Rectangle #1") }; System.Console.WriteLine("Shapes Collection"); foreach (Shape s in shapes) { System.Console.WriteLine(s); } } } |
输出
Shapes Collection Square #1 Area = 25.00 Circle #1 Area = 28.27 Rectangle #1 Area = 20.00 |