Copyright

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Addison-Wesley was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial capital letters or all capital letters.

The author and publisher have taken care in preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein.

The programs and applications presented in this book have been included for their instructional value. They have been tested with care, but are not guaranteed for any particular purpose. The authors and publisher do not offer any warranties or representations, nor do they accept any liabilities with respect to the programs or applications.

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Copyright © 2000 Addison Wesley Longman

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Lippman, Stanley B.

Essential C++ / Stanley B. Lippman

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. C++ (Computer program language) I. Title.

QA76.73.C153 L577 1999

005.13'3--dc21 99?46613

CIP

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior consent of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9桵A?302010099

First printing, October 1999

Dedication

To Beth, who remains essential

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To Danny and Anna, hey, kids look, it's done ...